Specialization

 Specialization
   Division of labor occurs when workers specialize in jobs in which they are most capable. Individuals can specialize in specific fields such as medicine or law. Firms and nations specialize when they produce only one or a few products.

  Of course, when one specializes in an area, there are advantages and disadvantages. Let's look into it now. First of all, specialization enables workers to be far more productive than if they were to have only a shallow understanding and knowledge of all tasks. Time is also saved because workers are not constantly changing tasks, moving around from place to place or using different equipment, machinery or tools. Division of labor makes it cost effective to provide workers with specialist tools. Lastly, specialization enlarges the market size due to the lower costs of production resulting from economies of scale.

  For instance, if a person specializes in making bowls only, rather than making mugs and cups, it will cause a job to become boring and monotonous over time. Due to the repetitive nature of certain jobs, the workers may find their jobs become dull, uninteresting and unchallenging. The workers may also feel alienated from one another. Besides, because of the unchallenging nature of the job, the workers have no room for self-expression and therefore can become unmotivated. Specialization can also cause immobility of labor. The workers, being specialists, will have difficulty in looking for other jobs because their specialized skills have made it very difficult for them to adapt to different conditions.